JFT Sensei

The Japanese question words, and the answers JFT-Basic expects

なに, どこ, いつ, だれ, いくら, どう. Catching the question word is what turns a listening clip you half understood into a correct answer.

· 2 min read

In a listening question you will not understand every word, and you do not need to. You need to catch the question word and the detail it points at.

This single skill is worth more than a hundred additional vocabulary items.

The set

Word Asks for Typical answer
なに / なん what an object, a thing
どこ where a place
いつ when a time or day
だれ who a person
いくら how much (money) a price
いくつ how many a count
どう / どうやって how a method
どうして / なぜ why a reason (から)
どの / どれ / どちら which a choice between options

Why it matters more in listening than reading

In reading you can look again. In listening the clip plays and is gone, so the question must be held in mind while you listen.

Which is why the best habit in the section is: read the question before the clip starts, identify the question word, and listen only for that. The exam gives you the question on screen first precisely because this is expected.

Match the word to the answer type

This is how you eliminate options quickly:

  • If the question is いつ, every option that is not a time is wrong.
  • If the question is どこ, ignore the prices.
  • If the question is どうして, the answer is nearly always the clause ending in から or ので.

Sounds obvious on paper. Under a clock, with a clip half-understood, candidates routinely choose a word they definitely heard rather than a word that answers the question. The clip is full of things you heard.

The どの trap

どの questions ask you to choose between several similar things - which glove, which train, which form. The clip will mention all of them and eliminate all but one.

The elimination usually arrives late in the clip, and often as a negative: 黒いのは ありません, or その つぎの えきです. Keep listening to the end. Answering from the first item mentioned is the single most common error in the section.

Practise the skill on its own

Take any Japanese clip with a transcript. Before listening, write one question about it using a question word. Listen once. Answer. Only then read the transcript.

That is what the exam asks you to do, and almost no self-study routine practises it, because most people listen first and question afterwards.

The listening section covers the rest of the technique, and our free exam demo runs twelve listening items under exam rules - the question on screen first, the audio twice, then gone.

Keep reading

Put this guide into practice

24 free questions across all four sections, with an explanation for every answer. No sign-up.

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